ABSTRACT
This study was designed to explore women doctors' leadership experiences and to identify mechanisms of leadership development based on their experiences. Between November 1 and December 18, 2017, in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 women doctors whose professional roles included being the dean of a college of medicine, director of a university hospital system, director of a government institution, and member of the National Assembly. Twelve meaningful experiences were discovered, and 10 mechanisms and several action steps for developing women doctors' leadership were drawn from the interviews. Firstly, women doctors' leadership experiences can be divided into 4 periods: experiences before entering medical school, time during medical school, the training process, and experiences after completing board certification as a clinical specialist or PhD candidate. These periods were respectively designated as an unaffected leap, temporary break, involuntary interruption, and voluntary leap forward. Secondly, based on these results, 10 mechanisms for leadership development were identified. These included an intimate relationship with one's father, curiosity and concerns about various themes, accepting opportunities that arise, work-life balance from an individual perspective, promotion of social concerns regarding the under-representation of medical leaders, removal of traditional stereotypes about women doctors, remedies for invisible discrimination (glass ceiling) from a social perspective, as well as the provision of equal leadership experience and opportunities, the promotion of active mentoring, and the extension of formal and informal networks from an educational perspective. Currently, 25% of doctors are women, and they are not a token group any more. In order to resolve women's under-representation in medical leadership, practical and concrete efforts in individual, social, and educational domains, which are appropriate and adaptable to Korean culture, are needed.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Certification , Discrimination, Psychological , Exploratory Behavior , Fathers , Korea , Leadership , Mentors , Professional Role , Schools, Medical , SpecializationABSTRACT
A questionnaire survey was carried out to clarify opinions of the medical community regarding the coexistence of duties as doctor and housewife for women doctors. Twenty-eight female and 57 male medical students (age range 21-29 years old) of Kurume University participated in this study. In addition, 5 women doctors were interviewed. Among female medical students, all hoped for marriage, and the positive responses for having children and continuing work after marriage were 93% and 96%, respectively. Among male students, 70% desired marriage with a woman doctor. It was suggested that the cooperation of husband, parents and friends was necessary for female doctors to carry out duties as both doctor and housewife.
ABSTRACT
We have not a little information about the contribution of Alice Hamilton on the development of the American industrial medicine as well as her life as an eminent industrial toxicologist and a social reformer through the study of some researchers. But her internal conflict between womanhood and professionalism has not been fully studied. The conflict was not first appeared on the Alice's mind, but it had long history since the women entered the medical field that men had monopolized in the mid-nineteenth century. In this paper, authors traced the two strategies of the women doctors through following the lives of the two typical pioneers, Elizabath Blackwell and Mary Putnam Jacobi, respectively, and how two trends, womanhood and professionalism, were harmonized in Alice's work and life through her own endeavor.
ABSTRACT
We have not a little information about the contribution of Alice Hamilton on the development of the American industrial medicine as well as her life as an eminent industrial toxicologist and a social reformer through the study of some researchers. But her internal conflict between womanhood and professionalism has not been fully studied. The conflict was not first appeared on the Alice's mind, but it had long history since the women entered the medical field that men had monopolized in the mid-nineteenth century. In this paper, authors traced the two strategies of the women doctors through following the lives of the two typical pioneers, Elizabath Blackwell and Mary Putnam Jacobi, respectively, and how two trends, womanhood and professionalism, were harmonized in Alice's work and life through her own endeavor.